社会方圆 – 砖瓦厂

  旧裕廊路的五美砖厂，于2005年拆毁，土地归国防部成为军事训练区。

        砖瓦是本地建筑的主要材料，战后以亚历山大砖厂（Alexandra Brick Works）、裕廊砖厂（Jurong Brick Work）、福安砖厂（Hock Ann）及德光砖厂（Tekong）为主。后来在旧裕廊路还有间五美砖厂等。

        砖厂在60至70年代间为岛国独立后大兴土木建设，尽了一份力，80-90年代以来则纷纷转移到马来西亚柔佛州设厂，或结束本地生产。制砖时园窑烧这一段工序产生的烟雾，也不利本地环境。曾几何时，有谁还记得这些庞然大物（图）。

吴庆辉 2006

国际学术会议 : 《东南亚与中国: 连接、疏远、定位》

国际学术会议《东南亚与中国: 连接、疏远、定位》

2007年12月1日 (星期六) 新加坡地点: Grand Plaza Park Hotel City Hall,

An International ConferenceSoutheast Asia and China: Connecting, Distancing and Positioning1

December 2007 (Saturday)

Venue: Grand Plaza Park Hotel City Hall, Singapore 

收费 （非会员）: $30/-  （午餐与茶点）      学生（$20）SSAS 会员 : 免费 

 English Session 1 (9.30am-11am)

Wu Xiao An (Beijing University) China Meets Southeast Asia: A Long-Term Historical Review 

Mike Shi-chi Lan (NTU) Defining Identity through Remembering the War: Representation of the Second World War in Chinese newspapers in Singapore, 1945-1950

 SHINOZAKI Kaori (Independent Researcher)Re-positioning “Patriotism”: Chinese in Penang and Financial Support to China, 1911-1913 

Chinese Session 1 (9.30 am-11am) 中英组分别同时进行 

顾长永 （台湾国立中山大学）中国与东南亚：全方位关系发展的机会与與挑战

 戴一峰 （厦门大学）环南中国海华商跨国网络：一个历史的考察 

周兆呈（南洋理工大学）东南亚华文媒体“中国镜像”的冷思考  

English Session 2 (11.15-12.45am) 

Jason Lim (National Archives, Singapore)Perceptions of China for the Overseas Chinese Tea Traders in Colonial Singapore, 1928-1958 

Huang Jianli (NUS)Building Bridges over Troubled Waters: Lee Guan Kin and the Three Chinese Communities 

Yow Cheun Hoe (NTU)Capital Accumulation along Migratory Trajectories: China Students in Singapore’s Secondary Education Sector 

Chinese Session 2 (11.15-12.45am) 

张晓威（马来西亚拉曼大学）东南亚华商对晚清商战的回响：以張弼士為个案分析 

吴龙云（国立台湾师范大学）殊途同归：槟城华人对米粮风潮与五四运动的反应 

黎道纲（泰中学会副会长）清末中泰朝贡关系终止探讨和思考  

English Session 3 (2-3.30pm) 

Edgardo Dagdag (U of Philippines)Philippine-China Relations: A Look at their Historical, Cultural and Economic Through Time 

Chan Yuk Wah (City U of Hong Kong)How Long Will the Friendship Last? Vietnam-China relations and Vietnam’s policies towards the ethnic Chinese since Doi Moi 

Goh Geok Yian (Independent Researcher)Myanmar’s Relations with China from Tagaung through Hanthawaddy-Taungngu Periods 

Chinese Session 3 (2-3.30pm) 

李盈慧（台灣國立暨南國際大學）东南亞华裔青年回归中国的热潮与衰退 

曾少聪（中国社会科学院民族研究所）中国少数民族的海外移民 — 以移居东南亚为例 

徐李颖（厦门大学）历史记忆与人神秩序的重建：新加坡华人的安溪城隍神信仰 

English Session 4 (3.45-5.15pm) 

Chin-Ming Lin (Tamkang U)When Old Regionalism Meets New Regionalism: Taiwan and China in East Asian Regional Integration 

Ng Beoy Kui (NTU)Strategic Policy Responses to the Emergence of China as an Economic Powerhouse: Southeast Asia Perspective 

Aimee Dawis (U of Indonesia)China and the Cultural Identity of the Chinese in Indonesia 

Chinese Session (3.45-5.15pm) 

何国忠（马来亚大学）马来西亚华社领袖与“文化中国“        

魏月萍（南洋理工大学）中国与在地：新马两地对南洋研究传统的知识认同 

李子玲（新加坡国立大学）   从中国到东南亚 –由新加坡华人名字的改变看思想意识 

英语历史讲座 : A talk about two geniuses : Joseph Conrad and Graham Greene

Public Lecture A Talk About Two Geniuses: Joseph Conrad and Graham GreeneBy Norman Sherry 7:30pm – 9pm, 16 Nov 2007Gallery Theatre, National Museum of SingaporeAdmission tickets are free. Please register early as seats are limited.For enquiries or registration, please visit http://www.nationalmuseum.sg/120years (Lectures/Workshops) or email to vidya_murthy@nhb.gov.sg  Professor Norman Sherry brings together history and literature in this special lecture about his research and writing about two famous novelists – Joseph Conrad and Graham Greene.  He will share with the audience his research methods which include studying archival materials, oral interviews, and retracing the footsteps of his subjects, traveling to the places that they went to. A strong proponent of thorough research and accessing extensive information, Sherry’s authoritative biographical works elaborate on the historical contexts of the places where his subjects were, which inspired their creative works. His biographies of Conrad thus include historical landscapes and personalities of places which Conrad visited, such as Singapore and other locations in the Malay Archipelago.  Much of his work on Joseph Conrad was done in Singapore where he consulted the materials on his subject, and investigated nineteenth century Singapore where Conrad was for some time and drew ideas for his stories such as Lord Jim and Shadow-Line. His work on Graham Greene took three decades to complete and he spent several years traveling to the places Greene visited, such as Panama, Haiti, Mexico and Liberia. Greene intervened to prevent him from going to a leper colony in Congo which was the setting for A Burnt-Out Case. This lecture will provide insights into the work of a fascinating literary detective, illuminating how an understanding of history contributes to the understanding of the novelists and their works, and how challenges in the research process were met.   About the speaker Norman Sherry is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Mitchell Distinguished Professor of Literature at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. He obtained his PhD from the National University of Singapore, where he worked on his thesis on Joseph Conrad. His books on Conrad include Conrad’s Eastern World (1966), Conrad’s Western World (1971), and Conrad and His World (1972) which are still quoted by scholars as standard texts on Conrad.  Impressed with the works on Conrad, Graham Greene asked Sherry in 1974 to write his biography. The three-volume biography of Graham Greene was published with great acclaim between 1990 and 2004. The first volume earned him the Edgar Allen Poe Award and the second volume was designated as ‘One of the best eleven books of 1995’ by the editorial staff of the New York Times Book Review.  He is currently a professor of English at Trinity University and is known for his informative, lively, informal and highly anecdotal lectures.

英语历史座谈会 : The Past in the Present : Histories in the Making

Forum The Past in the Present:  Histories in the Making  Saturday 17 November 2007
9am – 5:30pm
Gallery Theatre, National Museum of Singapore
Admission $20 ($16 for students), inclusive of lunch and two tea-breaks For enquiries and registration, please visit http://www.nationalmuseum.sg/120years (Lectures & Workshops) or email to vidya_murthy@nhb.gov.sg  This forum brings together historians, museum professionals, and novelists to talk about the issues of researching and presenting the past in the contemporary context. The first panel will discuss the issues and challenges of presenting history in the museum. Historians in the second panel will present and interrogate methods of historical inquiry and writing. The third panel will comprise novelists who will talk about their works of historical fiction.  

Programme
9:45am-10:55am	Key Note AddressJames Warren “Singapore History through the Looking Glass: Some Reflections on Museums, Memory, History and the Arts”
11:00am – 12:40pm	Panel 1History and the MuseumModerator: Patrick Greene
11:20am – 11:40am	Iskander Mydin “Challenges of Display and Representation: Forgotten history and the challenges of display in a museum setting”
11:40am – 12noon	Mark Frost“Where’s the Conflict: Writing for the Singapore History Gallery”
12noon- 12:20pm	Laura Miotto“Collection, Imagination and Senses: Exhibition design as a tool for interpretation of History”
12:20pm – 12:40pm	Discussion
12:40pm – 2pm	Lunch
2:00pm – 3:40pm	Panel 2Writing of History: Inventing, Problematicising, Contesting the PastModerator: James Warren
2:00pm – 2:20pm	Hong Lysa  ” Popularised history: centering and decentering thenational narrative in Thailand and Singapore”
2:40pm – 3:00pm	Budiawan Purwadi (title forthcoming)
3:00pm – 3:20pm	Timothy Barnard “Malay Films as Texts for the Study of 1950s Singapore”
3:20pm – 3:40pm	Discussion
3:40pm – 4:00pm	Tea Break
4:00pm – 5:00pm	Panel 3History and the NovelModerator: Lee Chor Lin
4:00pm – 4:20pm	Chong Yen Chung
4:20pm – 4:40pm	Meira Chand
4:40pm – 5:00pm	Kunal Basu
5:00pm – 5:30pm	Closing ReflectionsAnthony Reid
5:30pm	End

本地人民组成的抗日团体

星华义勇军(Dalforce)（沦陷前被解散，成员大部阵亡）
马来亚人民抗日军（MPAJA)（日本占领马来亚后，留在森林里继续抗争）
星加坡守备军（亲国民党）（沦陷前解散，成员大部阵亡）义勇军（英国组织的民兵SVC）
136部队（中英联军组织，招募新马华族青年，日据马来亚搞敌后工作）
马来军团（成员大部阵亡） 

一张能赚钱的“纸”- 从营业执照谈起

   早年由于管理当局经费不足，于是发准证让人从事烟、酒、赌与妓等行业以收取可观营业执照费，这叫响马制度。（烟指大烟就是鸦片）

    一张“纸”，是闽南人对‘执照’或‘准证’摡念的形象化表达方式，是法治社会的做法，对当时从宗法农村社会到此谋生的许多华人移民来说，是新鲜的，也是很快适应并遵循奉守的游戏规则，因为相对来说，它给予每人平等竞争的机会。

    licence 早期不叫准证或执照，而音译成“礼申”，或叫“牌”或“牌照”，例如汽车执照叫车牌，而酒牌就是有贩卖酒的营业准证。

    以后拥有资格证明的那张“纸”，也叫“牌”，例如，排队看病挂号侯诊，除了叫拿“号码”以外也叫“拿牌”，车辆注册局叫“车牌馆”，便衣警探叫“暗脾”等。

    过后这“一张纸”的制度有了变化，不再限于发牌照，而增加了一种叫印花税的方式运作（Stamp duty），凡办各种大大小小证件，需要买张邮票（有时好几张），其实对当局来说就是一种税收来源，它也是一张小纸片。

    今天这一张纸的制度发挥到了最高境界，就是“COE”了。

    在西方世界未介入东南亚政治的好几个世纪以前，本地沿河居，在河口而建聚落的各土邦酋长们，从事区域贸易就采用类似的收税制度。他们为到来的国际商人提供，食物、食水，“旅店”，保安，仓储以及“巿场”（在依赖季风的风帆时代，在岛屿星罗密佈海岸线特长地理环境，货物的集散有季节性的），从中抽取“油水”。    转口贸易中心和贸易站的概念是英国人开拓国际巿场的全球性的布局，因而使新加坡地位突显出来的。就象当年中国明朝选择了马六甲。 

吴庆辉 2007

各行各业 – 肥皂制造业

初期，新加坡的肥皂都是舶来品，后来有华商出资办厂。和丰，陈嘉庚的厂都是规模较大的。年产量达五千吨。

制造肥皂的原料是苏打（Soda）、椰油或棕油。战前本地约十多家肥皂制造厂，战后则多达30余家。其中林秉祥的“和丰”规模最大，而当时50年代初，位于金泉路的“南顺”洗衣肥皂的产量则最多。

各行各业 – 锯木业

木材乃基建的主要材料，随城市发展的需求量的增加，锯木业蓬勃发展，应运而生，木桐都由印尼和马来亚半岛输入，据1928年的调查，新加坡共有19家锯木厂，都是华资。陈嘉庚为其中之佼佼者。

根据许云樵教授在战后的工商业调查，本地锯木厂约30余家，木材主要来自马泰和印尼苏门答腊。

锯木业后来因印尼、马来西亚、新加坡相继成为独立的国家，国界分明，加上马印对原始自然资源管制，在本地就不再具备发展这行业的有利条件。

各行各业 – 树胶加工业

新马地处热带，高温多雨，最适宜橡胶的种植。当英国人试验移植成功后，橡胶的大量生产使橡胶加工业变得重要。除少数英资外，绝大部分的橡胶加工业都是华人经营，1918年，华商胶厂有30余家，著名的有陈家庚的谦益号，陈六使的益和号，还有后来的李光前的南益号。

各行各业 – 食品制造和加工行业

黄梨罐头业

黄梨是新加坡早期重要的农作物之一，至1848年，耕种面积达1460英亩，仅次于甘蜜。到了19世纪下半叶，甘蜜与胡椒的种植走向没落，旧园地多改种黄梨。在1906年，新加坡的黄梨罐头厂已多达12家，厂主清一色是华人，罐头黄梨行销全世界，著名的黄梨罐头业者有佘连城，陈嘉庚，李光前等。

食油业

分花生油与椰油两种。老字号为和丰油厂，业者林秉祥。他不仅在新加坡首执牛耳，他的油业生意也是东南亚最大，有南洋油业大王之称。此外，还有建源兴，先裕盛，仁安等商号，皆华商之光。

饼干制造业

有和和饼干，陈嘉庚的谦益。后来有太丰（1931），南益（1934）。在1928年的统计，全新有27家以机器生产的厂家。