华人移民把埋葬先人的坟地称为“山”,讲座的最后一部分谈本地华侨华人的“归宿”问题,由于华人人口最多(占百分之75), 从华人坟山的管理与分布变化也反映了本地帮权社会结构和城市范围发展阶段。
图:(红色)闽南人的坟山、(黑色)广客人士的坟山、(紫色)潮州人的坟山、(绿色)基督教徒的坟场
好一部分的华人移民,抱着有一天要衣锦还乡,落叶可以归根的心愿,但他们之中还是不少人是在异乡终老的,何处是最终的归宿?借此我们也通过华南闽粤两省的地图来认识新加坡华人的祖居地,坟山里的墓碑上刻着的家乡名字,成为永远的印记。
新加坡在19世纪从清代福建省 (闽)移民来的主要有以下五府人士
(1)泉州府 (厦门、同安、晋江、金门、南安、惠安、安溪)
(2)永春府 (永春、德化)
他们在新加坡建立的地缘性会馆有:厦门公会 (1938)、禾山公会 (1926)、金门会馆 (1870)、同安会馆 (1937)、晋江会馆 (1918)、南安会馆 (1929)、惠安会馆 (1923)、安溪会馆 (1922)、永春会馆 (1867)
(3)漳州府 (龙溪、海澄、长泰、邵安、东山等);会馆有漳州总会 (1929)、龙溪会馆 (1938)、东山会馆
以上是闽南地区所谓的泉漳人士, 在闽东则有福州和兴化地方 :
(4)福州府 (长乐、福清等十邑);福州会馆 (1909),长乐公会,福清会馆 ,福州人的坟山是福州冢山 (Lim Chu Kang Jalan Murai 17 m/s(1962-2000)
(5)兴化府 (莆田、兴化、仙游);兴安会馆、莆田会馆 (1957)、新加坡莆中高平公会 (1947)
以上新加坡的福建人,主要入土为安的坟山有:
(1) 恒山亭 (Heng Shan Ting, Silat Rd, 1828-1995)
(2) 四角亭 (Si Jiao Ting)
(3) 麟记山(Lin Ji Shan, 1885-1923-1963)
(4) 姓林山龙记山(Seh Lim Sua, Bt. Merah, 1890-1967)
(5) 杨氏协源山(Telok Blangah, 1882-1967)
(6) 王氏太原山 (Kheam Hock Rd, 1872-1990)
(7) 福建老山 (Hokkien Lao Sua, Kheam Hock Rd 1890)
(8) 咖啡山(Bukit Brown Cemetery, Municipal Chinese Cemetery 1922-1973)
(9) 快乐山 (Mt. Plesant)
(10) 武林山 (Bo Lin Sua, off Old Jurong Road)
来自闽北的人较少, 在福建省西部另有主要讲客家话的地区,例如汀州府(永定、上坑等)在本地他们先人设立了永定会馆、南洋上坑同乡会,而来自龙岩州的人士设有龙岩会馆 (1938),关于客属人士的坟山就留到下节一起讲。
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